I believe that most of the students, in the process of learning Japanese, feel particularly painful for the "verb change", "self-other verb and tense" in Japanese grammar.
But in addition to these usages, there is a small grammar that can be very uncomfortable. Because after learning it seems to understand, but in fact you can't use it. You don't know whether you understand it or not. Which grammar is that?
The answer is "～し、～し". Most learners only know that it is similar to "～て、～て", which means parallel.
But when you need to use it, you can't tell the difference. What are the characteristics of this "～し,～し", let's look at it!
"し" Usage One: Parallel
Saying "parallel" is a very vague and general concept. Translated into Chinese, it means "both ~ and ~". It can be preceded by "ます形" or "普通体". At this time, "し" is usually followed by the same Type of vocabulary.
Please pay special attention to the fact that when connecting [noun] and [adjective], the usage of "し" is the same as the usage of "て". The reason is that the usage of "し" will become "want~also want" when the preceded [verb] is used, and the usage of "て" will become "Sequence".
In addition, compared with "て", when "し" is used, it has the sense of "the speaker will list all the things he thought of", for example:
【Continued adjective】
- 部屋が広いし、値段も安いです。The room is wide and the price is cheap.
- =部屋が広くて、値段も安いです。The room is wide and the price is cheap.
【Continuing Verb】
- すいかを食べますし、ドリアンも食べます。Eat watermelon and durian.
- ≠すいかを食べて、ドリアンも食べます. After eating watermelon, I also ate durian.
In addition, if the subject is "部屋／値段" and "お金／时间" are different, you can replace the original particles "が" and "を" with "も" to make the whole sentence "～も～し" "～も" or "～も～し～も、それに~" can not only make the tone stronger, but also speak more authentically.
- →a.部屋も広いし、値段も安いです。The room is wide and the price is cheap.
- →b.すいかも食べますし、ドリアンも食べます。Eat watermelon and durian.
"し" Usage Two: Reason
Japanese continuation particle "し" can also be used to express "cause, reason":
【Examples】
- 空気も決いし、雨も降っているし、家で休みましょう。 Because the air is dirty and raining, so rest at home.
- 时间もかかるし、混んでいるし、バスで行きたくないです。 Because it takes time and is crowded, I don't want to go by bus.
In the above two sentences, the examples where "し" appears twice, can it only happen once?
The answer is yes, but when "there is only one "し" in the sentence", this is used to mean "in addition to a certain reason, there are other reasons, but it is not stated."
【Examples】
- どうして證业をサボったんですか. Why didn't you go to class?
- ゆうべ飯みすぎたし、头が痛かったんです. Because I drank too much last night (plus some reasons), my head hurts.
Comparison of "し" and "から"
When "し" is used as the reason for the reason, the meaning is the same as "から", except that the usage of "から" is more straightforward, while "し" is more euphemistic and does not point out the main reason. There is no difference anymore.
So some people use "～し～し", and others use "～し～から" to express the reason. Generally speaking, the sentence pattern of "～し～から" is even more common.
【Examples】
- 今日は休みだし、天気もいいし、ドライブに行きましょう。 Because today is a holiday and the weather is good, so go for a drive!
- =今日は休みだし、天気もいいから、ドライブに行きましょう。Because today is a holiday and the weather is good, so go for a drive!
The above is an introduction to the usage of "し", I hope it can bring you some help.